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要知道for作为并列连词的用法。就必须搞清楚because, since, as, for的用法区别。 l四者均可用来表示原因,区别如下:
(1) 关于 because:语气最强,表示直接原因,可用于回答 why 提出的问题、引导表语从句、用于强调句等,而其余三者均不行:
“Why didn’t he come?” “Because he was ill.” “他为什么没来?”“因为他病了。”
My stomach hurts because I have eaten too many apples. 我肚子痛,因为苹果吃得太多。
That’s because you can’t appreciate music. 这是因为你不能欣赏音乐。
It is because he is honest that I like him. 是因为他诚实我才喜欢他。
(2) 关于 since 与 as:
a. 两者所表示的原因都是人们已知的,即对已知事实提供理由,而不是表示直接原因。since 比 as 语气稍强,且比 as 略为正式,它们引导的从句通常放在主句之前,有时也放在主句之后:
As you weren’t there, I left a message. 由于你不在那儿,我留了个口信。
Since you are wrong, you should apologize. 你既然错了,就应该道歉。
b. since 可用于省略句,而其他三者不行:
Since so, I have nothing to say. 既然如此,我无话可说。
(3) 关于 for:是并列连词(其余三者为从属连词),它有时可表示因果关系(通常要放在主句之后,且可与 because 换用);有时不表示因果关系,而是对前面分句内容的解释或推断(也要放在主句之后,但不能与because 换用)。比较:
The ground is wet, for (=because) it rained last night. 地面是湿的,因为昨晚下过雨。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚一定下过雨,你看今天早上地面是湿的。 (此句不能用 because 代 for)
for表示原因时的四个“不能”http://www.jiandan100.cn/activity/keywords/?k=subject&c=vip744928
■for引导的从句不能位于它所解释的动词之前:
Because it was wet he took a taxi. 因为下雨,他叫了一辆出租车。(这里不能用for)
■for引导的从句不能位于not, but或任何连词之后:
He stole, not because he wanted the money but because he liked stealing. 他偷东西,并不是因为他想要钱,而是他有这种毛病。(这里不能用for)
■for引导的从句不能用于回答问题:
—Why did you do it? 你为什么这么做?
—I did it because l was angry. 因为我生气才这么做的。(这里不能用for)
■ for引导的从句不能单单用来复述已讲过的话,而必须包括新的内容:
He spoke in French. She was angry because he had spoken in French. 他*语。因为他*语,她生气了。(这里不能用for)
但是说:
She was angry, for she didn’t know French. 她生气了,因为她不懂法语。(这里用for是正确的,也可用because)
之所以有这些用法上的限定,其理由是for引导的从句不能直接说明某一特定动作发生的原因,而只能提供一些起帮助解释作用的附加说明。例如:
The days were short, for it was now December. 天短了,现在已是12月了。
He took the food eagerly, for he has eaten nothing since dawn. 他狼吞虎咽地吃了起来,因为他从天亮就没吃过东西。
When I saw her in the river I was frightened. For at that point the currents were dangerous. 我看见她在河里时,吓坏了。那个地方水流非常危险。
在口语中,for从句前常稍停一下。在笔语中,在此处常有一个逗号。有时也用一个句号断开,如最后一个例子所示。上面三个例句中也可用becatse, 但用for更好些。