Lesson 1 World English: A Blessing or a Curse (p7)
1. There has been much opposition from social groups, B from the farming community.
A. straightforwardly(直接地) B. notably（显著地，尤其）
C. virtually（事实上） D. exceptionally（例外地）
译文：社会团体，尤其是农业团体，对此有许多反对意见。
2. The A view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.
A. predominant（占支配地位的） B. credulous（轻信的）
C. inclusive（包含的） D. sustainable（可持续的）
译文：英国和其他西方国家的主流观点认为，老龄化意味着衰落、依赖、孤立，而且往往是贫穷。
3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most D of governments.
A. tough（困难的） B. demanding（苛求的）
C. diverse（不同的） D. benign（有利的；善良的）
译文：但是，这样的礼物不可能由法官或最仁慈的政府颁发给所有人。
4. The foreman read the C of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.
A. prejudice（偏见） B. verification（政审）
C. verdict（判断；裁决） D. punishment（惩罚）
译文：陪审团念了十四遍有罪判决，为每位被告都念了一遍。
5. They fear it could have a(n) B effect on global financial markets.
A. sizeable（相当大的） B. adverse（不利的）
C. benefical（有利的） D. consequential（重要的）
译文：他们担心这会对全球金融市场产生不良影响。
6. The UN threatened to D economic sanctions if the talks were broken off.
A. engage（吸引；使订婚） B. pursue（继续）
C. abandon（抛弃） D. invoke（诉诸）
译文：如果谈判破裂，联合国威胁要诉诸经济制裁。
7. There are at least four crucial differences between the new A and the old government.
A. regime（政权） B. hegemony（霸权）
C. complex（情节） D. federation（联合；联邦）
译文：新政权和旧政府之间至少有四个关键的区别。
8. These questions B a challenge to established attitude of superiority toward the outside world.
A. evolve（发展；进化） B. constitute（形成；等同于）
C. tolerate（忍受） D. aroused（引起）
译文：这些问题构成了对既定的对外优越态度的挑战。
9. Because of this, a strong administrative A was needed to plan the use of scarce resources, organize production and regulate distribution.
A. apparatus（组织机构） B. constitution（宪法）
C. insistence（坚持；强调） D. promotion（提升）
译文：因此，需要一个强有力的行政机构来规划稀少资源的使用、组织生产和管制分配。
10. I learnt that there are no genuinely C animals in this area, all the animals were brought here from other places.
A. endangered（濒于灭绝的） B. domesticated（驯养）
C. indigenous（土生土长的） D. extinct（灭绝的；绝种的）
译文：我了解到这个地区没有真正的土生土长的动物，所有的动物都是从其他地方带来的。
point up（强调）
by and large（总的来说） take in（吸收，吸纳） descent（血统）leave aside（搁置） endanger（危害）
crystal
for good or ill（无论好坏）
die out（灭绝）
clear（显而易见的）
lay...at the door of（归咎于）
1. The book concludes with a review of the possible impact of more intimate computers, for good or ill in various areas of human life.
译文：这本书的结尾回顾了更亲密的电脑可能带来的影响，无论是好是坏，在人类生活的各个领域。
2. Moreover, it had become clear from the opinion polls that the unpopularity of the new tax was being laid at the door of the government which had introduced it, rather than the local authorities who were responsible for levying and collecting it.
译文：此外，从民意调查中可以清楚地看出，新税不受欢迎的原因是推行新税的政府，而不是负责征收和征收新税的地方当局。
3. This case gave the example of breaking someone's arm: that is a really serious injury, but one which is unlikely to endanger the victim's life. 译文：这个案例给出了打断别人胳膊的例子:这是一个非常严重的伤害，但不太可能危及受害者的生命。
4. Many of those who hold it live in poor areas and some are Colored, that is, of mixed
European and African descent .
译文：许多持有它的人生活在贫困地区，一些是有色人种，即欧洲和非洲混血。
5. This debate is important because it points up that \"the facts\" are not necessarily as simple and straightforward as they might at first sight seem.
译文：这场辩论之所以重要，是因为它指出，“事实”不一定像乍一看那么简单明了。
6. In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period, many of the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again, taking in most of human life.
译文：一开始，人们可能会争论生命的意义，但一旦过了第一阶段，许多对话就会沿着一条老生常谈的路线从一个话题转到另一个话题，然后再转回来，占据人类生活的大部分时间。
7. But since agriculture forms the basis of our industry, it was, by and large , also an intensification of the crisis in the national economy in general.
译文：但是，由于农业是我们工业的基础，总的来说，它也加剧了整个国民经济的危机。
8. Let us leave aside other relevant factors such as education, career structure, pay and conditions of service and concentrate on manpower management.
译文：让我们把教育、职业结构、薪酬和服务条件等其他相关因素放在一边，集中精力进行人力管理。
9. It is true that the exact nature of this issue is uncertain. However, one thing is crystal clear .it will not endanger the planet and its inhabitants.
译文：的确，这个问题的确切性质是不确定的。然而，有一件事是非常清楚的，那就是它不会危及地球及其居民。
10. But if animal populations are too small, then they simply die out .
译文：但是如果动物数量太少，它们就会灭绝。
1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx.
There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh...that their long-term future must be considered...very greatly at risk.
因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或
几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。
2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism (a condition
parallel to racism and sexism).As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly \"white\" English-speaking world, have (by design or default)encouraged or at least tolerated-and certainly have not opposed-the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.
同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。
3 By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration
and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat.
总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。
4. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and
media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus.
然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。
5. English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized.
讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。
6. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse.
这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处,同时尽能避免招来灾难。
Lesson 2 You’ve Got to Find What You Love
1. Would passengers please turn off your electronic devices before the commencement of the fight?
A. boarding(上飞机，船等) B. landing（降落，着陆）
C. take-off（起飞） D. check-in（办理登机手续）
译文：乘客请在飞机起飞前关掉电子设备好吗?
2. My father appreciated the calligraphy of the 18th century very much.
A. ideology（思想意识） B. artistry（艺术）
C. philosophy（哲学） D. handwriting（书法）
译文：我父亲非常欣赏18世纪的书法。
3. At first the president threatened to dismiss me, but later he relented. A. softened（使温和） B. regretted（后悔；遗憾）
C. withdrew（撤销；收回） D. altered（改变）
译文：起初总统威胁要解雇我，但后来他软化了态度。
4. My grandma is so naive as to believe everything she reads.
A. ignorant（无知的，愚昧的） B. credulous（轻信的）
C. amiable（和蔼可亲的） D. vulnerable（易受伤害的）
译文：我奶奶太天真了，她什么都相信。
5. The intuition of the language is a must for a competent translator.
A. master（硕士；主人；大师） B. inspiration（灵感）
C. familiarity（熟悉） D. sense（感觉）
译文：对于一个称职的翻译来说，语言的直觉是必不可少的。
6. After being appointed manager, Bob underwent a subtle change in his attitude. A. enormous（庞大的） B. terrible（可怕的）
C. delicate（微妙的；雅致的） D. slight（轻微的；少量的；不重要的）
译文：鲍勃被任命为经理后，他的态度发生了微妙的变化。
7. People like to say that knowledge can change one's destiny.
A. career（生涯） B. fate（命运）
C. nature（本质/性） D. character（性格）
译文：人们喜欢说知识可以改变一个人的命运。
8. The city was almost flattened by the devastating earthquake.
A. destructive（破坏，毁灭性的） B. widespread（分布广泛的）
C. abrupt（突然的） D. inevitable（必然的，不可避免的）
译文：这座城市几乎被毁灭性的地震夷为平地。
9. This medicine should be applied as a remedy, but for external use only. A. short-term（短期的） B. outside（外部的）
C. oral（口头的；口述的） D. spare（多余的）
译文：这种药应作为一种药物使用，但只能外用。
10. The newspaper seeks to be independent of political dogma.
A. parties（政党） B. influence（影响）
C. platforms（平台；月台，站台） D. doctrines（主义；学说；教义；信条）
译文：这家报纸力图不受政治教条的影响。
screw...up（把…变糟） button up（顺利完成） live through（经历）
dawn on（明白） fall out（争吵） let down（使失望）
figure out（解决；算出） in a row（成一排；连续） sign off（结束广播）
roll on（滚滚向前）
1.
always roll on .
No matter what happens, the wheel of history will
译文：不管发生什么事，历史的车轮永远会滚滚向前。
2. She has lived through several terrible accidents. 译文：她经历过几次可怕的事故。
3.
figure out what he was hinting at. Do you know what Johnny is talking about? I can't
译文：你知道约翰尼在说什么吗?我不明白他在暗示什么。
4. This is your favorite announcer signing off for tonight.
译文：由你最喜欢的播音员宣布今晚播音结束。
5. Chris is a bit let down by the low grade he got. 译文：克里斯因为分数低而有点失望。
6.
fell out about some trivial matter. They had been quite good friends for years, until they
译文：他们多年来一直是好朋友，后来因为一些小事闹翻了。
7. train.
It suddenly dawned on me that I'd caught the wrong
译文：我突然意识到我搭错车了。
8. They buttoned up the job within a few hours.
译文：他们在几个小时内就完成了这项工作。
9. it up?
It was such a simple plan; how could you have screwed
译文：这是一个如此简单的计划;你怎么会搞砸的?
10. fallen.
It is the sixth month in a row in which imports have
译文：这是进口连续第六个月下降。
1. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one
bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love.
译文：苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫的没有改变这一点。我被驱逐了,但是我仍然钟爱我所做的事情。
2. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the
lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
译文：因为，作为一个成功者的负重感被作为一个创业者的轻松感觉所重新代替,一切都还不确定。这让我觉得如此自由, 进入了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶段。
3. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient
needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith.
译文：这个良药的味道实在是太苦了,但是我想病人需要它。有时候,人生会用砖头打你的头。不要失去信心。
4. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way
I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
译文：“记住你即将死去”是我知道的避免这些（你将失去一些东西）想法的最好办法。如果你已经什么都没有了，就没有理由不去追随你内心的声音。
5. Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone
else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma- which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice.
译文：你们的时间是有限的，所以，不要将它浪费在重复其他的生活上。不要掉进教条的陷阱，也就是说不要按照别人的想法来生活。不要让其他人喧嚣的观点，掩盖你真正的内心之声。
Lesson 4 Why Should We Hire You?
1. Though he had apologized, she raised a query on his sincerity.
A. trust（信任） B. request（请求；需要）
C. examination（考试） D. question（问题；疑问）
译文：虽然他已经道歉了，她还是对他的诚意提出了质疑。
2. Discipline in Mr. Brown's class becomes very slack.
A. strict（严格的；绝对的；精确的） B. loose（宽松的；不精确的）
C. serious（严肃的；认真的） D. uncontrollable（无法管控的）
译文：布朗先生班上的纪律变得很松弛。
3. We couldn't believe that the joke was a nasty hit at him.
A. malicious（恶毒的） B. lethal（致命的）
C. footy（无足轻重的） D. gentle（温和，文雅的）
译文：我们不敢相信这个笑话是对他的恶毒攻击。
4. The winner's complacent smile annoyed some people.
A. scornful（轻蔑的） B. humorous（幽默的）
C. contented（满足的，心安的） D. ironical（讽刺的）
译文：胜利者自满的微笑惹恼了一些人。
5. This make-over has to start with the most basic societal unit-the family.
A. task（任务；工作） B. improvement（提高；改进）
C. measure（措施；测量） D. change（改变）
译文：这种转变必须从最基本的社会单元——家庭开始。
6. A Private Postsecondary and Vocational Education Accreditation System will be put into practice in California next school year.
A. Primary（首要的） B. Eiementary（基本的；初级的）
C. Higher（更高的，较高的） D. Graduate（毕业的）
译文：明年，加州将实行私立高等教育和职业教育认证制度。
7. The ambassador presented her credentials to the monarch.
A certificates（证书） B. gifts（礼物）
C. statements（声明；报告） D. respects（尊重）
译文：大使向国王递交了她的国书。
8. It seems that the only way out is to cut some programs and downsize our organization.
A. make do（设法达成；凑合用） B. cut short（缩减）
C. lay off（解雇；休息；停工） D. shut down（停工；关闭）
译文：似乎唯一的出路是削减一些项目和规模
9. The invaders were brutish and coarse to the villagers. A. brutal（残忍，野蛮，不讲理的） B. fierce（凶猛的；暴躁的）
C. wicked（邪恶的；恶劣的） D. vicious（恶毒的；恶意的）
译文：侵略者对村民是粗野的。
10. His new theory has caused a sensation through out the civilized world.
A. success（成功） B. reaction（反应）
C. excitement（令人兴奋的事） D. sense（感觉；官能）
译文：他的新理论在整个文明世界引起了轰动。
with few exceptions（少有例外） pay off（使得益；有报偿；付清；还清）
lay off（解雇） looked onward（向前看）
turn… around（曲解；反过来） sound...out（试探意见；探听口气）
take for granted（认为是理所当然的） make over（转变）
take advantage of（利用） limited to（局限于）
1. He turned my question around so that it sounded foolish. 译文：他把我的问题弄得听起来很傻。
2. sales.
The factory has laid off workers because of the drop in
译文：由于销售量下降，这家工厂解雇了工人。
3. Such situation is not limited to rural areas.
译文：这种情况不仅限于农村地区。
4.
into a new man.
Since he went to the university, he has been made over
译文：自从他上了大学，他已改头换面，焕然一新。
5. help?
Can you sound your friend out and see whether he will
译文：你能试探一下你的朋友，看他是否愿意帮忙吗?
6.
handsomely soon.
The investor believes that his investment will pay off
译文：投资者相信他的投资很快就会有丰厚的回报。
7. Then poor people who were abandoned by society looked
onward and sought bravely for happiness.
译文：被社会抛弃的穷人向前看，勇敢地追求幸福。
8. walk.
We should take advantage of the good weather to go for a
译文：我们应该利用好天气去散步。
9. All particulars should be carefully checked and verified;
nothing should be taken for granted.
译文：所有细节（详情）必须仔细核对及核实;没有什么是理所当然的。
10. With few exceptions ,all the youth of the organization are
awakened and determined to work hard.
译文：除了少数例外，本组织所有青年都被唤醒并决心努力工作。
1. However, just as exceeding the speed limit will, when
traffic police are performing properly, lead to a speeding ticket, so being interviewed for an attractive career-entry position will, when the interviewer knows what to look for, lead directly or indirectly to the question \"Why should we hire you?”
译文：然而，正如当一个警察正确执法时，司机超速就要吃罚单；同样，在面试一份吸引人的某一行业的准入职位时，如果面试官清楚地知道他们要什么，就会直接或间接地问这个问题“我们为什么要雇佣你？”
2. For someone wishing to begin a new career, the prospects
are starting to look nasty and brutish, and the immediate picture is distinctly short of jobs, hours, and rewards for new employees.
译文：对于那些想要开始新的职业生涯的人来说，前途开始变得凶险和残酷，而眼前的（直观的）形势就是工作少，时间短，给新员工的工资也（明显地）减少。
3. Other students may find their academic work difficult and
demanding enough without adding the headache of anticipating yet more demands.
译文：其他学生可能认为学业课程已经很难，要求很高了，因此不想再费脑筋去预见那些更多的要求了。
4. If you are in a program with a variety of optional courses, your knowledge of the job
market's demands will help you to make more informed decisions.
译文：如果你的学习项目有各种选修课，那么如果你了解就业市场的要求，就能帮你做出更多明智的选择。
5. You may discover that it is quite easy to gain insight into your field of interest just by
sounding out your teachers.
译文：你可能会发现，只是到老师那里探听些消息，就能非常容易地深入了解感兴趣的领域。
Lesson 6 Thank God It’s Monday?
1. I advocate a holistic recognition that biology and culture interpenetrate in an inextricable manner.
A. complicated（复杂的；难懂的） B. unavoidable（不可避免的）
C. customary（迷人的） D. incomprehensible（难以理解的）
译文：我主张应全面认识到，生物学和文化以一种不可分割的方式相互渗透。
2. The romantic painting movement introduced a taste for the mysterious as well as a love of the picturesque and sublime nature. A. immense（巨大的） B. fascinating（吸引人的）
C. magnificent（壮丽的，华丽的） D. enchanting（迷人的；妩媚的）
译文：浪漫主义的绘画运动带来了对神秘的品味，以及对风景如画和崇高自然的热爱。
3. One important feature of the period was the growth of Buddhism. Its adherents honored the Buddha in order to be reborn in his paradise.
A. sponsors（赞助者） B. supporters（支持者）
C. advocators（倡导者） D. advisors（建议者）
译文：这一时期的一个重要特征是佛教的发展。它的信徒尊敬佛陀是为了在他的天堂重生。
4. As censorship was extremely strict in that period, little authentic news came out of the country.
A. negative（消极的） B. disastrous（灾难性的）
C. official（官方的） D. reliable（可靠的；可信赖的）
译文：由于当时的审查制度极其严格，几乎没有真正的新闻流出中国。
5. If a block of wood is completely immersed in water, the upward force is greater than the weight of the wood.
A. dipped（侵；泡） B. pressed（按）
C. forced（强迫） D. pushed（推）
译文：如果一块木头完全浸入水中，向上的力大于木头的重量。
6. According to Zhuangzi. a Daoist philosopher of the late 4th century BC, through mystical union with the Dao the individual could transcend nature and even life and death.
A. dissolve（使溶解，分解） B. upraise
C. surpass（超越，胜过） D. depress（压抑；使沮丧）
译文：根据庄子。作为公元前4世纪后期的道家哲学家，通过与道的神秘结合，个体可以超越自然，甚至超越生死。
7. As economic growth ground to a halt, the local populations grew more and more disaffected. A. indifferent（漠不关心的） B. resentful（感到愤怒的）
C. unvalued（无价的） D. indignant（愤慨的）
译文：随着经济增长停滞不前，当地居民越来越不满。
8. Capitalism was beset by cycles of“ boom and bust', periods of expansion and prosperity followed by economic collapse and waves of unemployment.
A. failure（失败） B. transition（过渡，转变）
C. loss（损失） D. depression（不景气；忧愁，沮丧） 译文：资本主义被“繁荣与萧条”的周期所困扰，经济扩张与繁荣的时期随之而来的是经济崩溃和失业浪潮。
9. At that time, life was nearly as taxing for all-black bands: black musicians were required to use kitchen entrances and service elevators, which forced them to confront the ugly realities of
racial discrimination.
A. miserable（悲惨的，痛苦的） B. hard（艰难的）
C. unbearable（无法忍受的） D. harsh（严厉的，严酷的）
译文：在那个时候，所有黑人乐队的生活几乎同样艰难:黑人音乐家被要求使用厨房入口和服务电梯，这迫使他们面对种族歧视的丑陋现实。
10. Modern and implicit censorship has nothing like the power of the old system and contrary opinion is never entirely stifled.
A. released（释放；允许发表） B. arrested（被逮捕）
C. retarded（延迟，阻止，妨碍） D. prohibited（被禁止的） 译文：现代的隐性审查制度与旧制度的权力完全不同，相反的意见从来没有被完全压制过。
in control of（控制） within the framework（以…的标准，准则）
variables（变数，变量） it turns out（结果是，证明）
on paper（在纸上，理论上） take away from（减损，减少）
once in a while（偶尔，间或） trade...for（以…换…）
make sense（讲得通，有意义，言之有理） take heart（有信心，振作起来）
1. The most famous private boarding schools are open to the public on paper , but in reality are attended by those who can afford the fees.
译文：大多数著名的私立寄宿学校名义上是向公众开放的，但实际上并非如此那些付得起学费的人才被允许进入就读。
2. She loved her dog so much that after years of its death she still thinks of it once in a while .
译文：她非常爱她的狗，以至于在它死了多年之后，她仍然偶尔想起它。
3. An equation is said to be satisfied for certain values of the variables if the expression on the left side of the equation is equal to that on the right side.
译文：如果方程左边的表达式等于右边的表达式，则称方程满足某些变量的值。
4. The Commission was to formulate plans for establishing an international control organ within the framework of the Security Council.
译文：委员会将拟订在安全理事会范围内设立一个国际管制机构的计划。
5. He lost his confidence after he lost the first two trails. but his coach told him to take heart ,so that he could win at last.
译文：在输掉前两场比赛后，他失去了信心。但是他的教练告诉他要振作起来，这样他才能最终获胜。
6. His refusal to accept the prize does not takes away from his success in writing it.
译文：他拒绝接受这个奖并没有影响他写作的成功。
7. The presentation of his paper was highly praised, but it turned out was that the paper copied from the Internet.
译文：他的论文的展示受到了高度赞扬，但结果是论文是从网上抄袭的。
8. Maria has read it for four times, but the letter still doesn't make sense to her.
译文：玛丽亚已经读了四遍了，但这封信对她来说还是没有意义。
9. Susan was in control of the meeting, and after singing and prayer she introduced a strange friend from America. 译文：苏珊主持会议，唱完歌，做了祷告之后，她介绍了一位来自美国的陌生朋友。
10. The early settlers traded copper for corn from natives.
译文：早期的定居者用铜和当地人交换玉米。
1. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, who coined the term flow, which adherents of positive psychology would use to describe the job-induced highs, says that distinction is a false one.“ Anything can be enjoyable if the elements of flow are present,\" he writes in his Sook Good Business.“ Within that framework, doing a seemingly boring job can be a source of greater fulfillment than one ever
thought possible.”
译文：米哈里.齐凯因特米哈里认为这种区分是错误的。他发明了“强感受”（flow）这个说法，信奉正面心理学的人常用此词来描述由工作而引发的兴奋状态。在《称心如意的工作》一书中他写道：“只要存在强感受因素，任何事情都能给我们带来愉悦。根据这一观点，从事一份表面看上去枯燥的工作会给人们带来想象不到的更大的成就感”
2. But neither the late 1990s boom nor the subsequent bust had much impact in either direction，indicating that the state of worker happiness goes much deeper than the swings of the economy.
译文：但是20世纪90年代后期的经济繁荣和随之而来的经济萧条都没有对员工的两种工作态度产生多大影响，这表明工人在工作中是否能获得快乐感有比经济形势更深层的原因。
3. Martina Radix, 41, traded a high-pressure job as an executive assistant at a company where she liked her colleagues for a less taxing position as a clerical worker in a law firm six years ago. She has more time and flexibility but feels stifled by her co-workers and unappreciated by her boss. \"I am a misfit in that department,” she says “No matter how good your personal life is, If you go in to a bad atmosphere at work, it takes away from it.
译文：41岁的马丁娜.雷迪克斯原是一家公司的经理助理，虽然工作压力大，但她和同事相处都很好，6年前她换了工作，到一家律师事务所成了一名职位相对清闲的办事员。如今她时间多了，自由度也大了，但她感觉和这里的同事共事太压抑，也得不到老板的赏识。她说：“我不适应这个部门。不管你个人生活多惬意，如果工作单位氛围不好，个人生活就会大受影响。”
4. In fact, engagement at work is less a function of your personality than is happiness in general. Harter estimates that individual disposition accounts for only about 30% of the difference between employees who are highly engaged and those who are not. The rest of it is shaped by the hundreds of interactions that employees have every day with co-workers, supervisors and customers.
译文：实事上，对工作的投入与其说是人的个性使然，不如说是源于人们在工作中总体上感到的快乐。哈特认为，对工作高度投入与并不投入的员工之间之所以存在差异，员工的个性只起30%的作用，其他的取决于员工每天与同事、主管以及客户的频繁交往。
5. Until recently, businesspeople would dismiss employee well-being as “outside their
domain and kind of fringe-ishhe University of Nevada, Reno. Early hints of the importance of worker happiness were slow to be accepted.
译文：内华达大学里诺分校的组织行为学教授托马斯.赖特说，直到不久前，企业家们还不愿考虑员工是否工作心情舒畅的问题，认为这“不属于他们关心的范围，和他们的责任范围相去甚远”
6. But later studies that looked at job-satisfaction ratings were inconsistent. Broader measures of happiness, it turns out, are better predictors of productivity.
译文：但后来对工作满意度的研究结果却前后矛盾。现在看来，用更广泛的衡量标准来评估快乐感受，能更有效地预测生产率。
7. But at the very least, businesses could do better just by paying attention to what their employees want and need. Then more of us could find a measure of fulfillment in what we do. And once in a while, we might hope to transcend it all. It can happen on the basketball court，in front of a roaring crowd, or in a classroom, in front of just one grateful student.
译文：但（紧紧是）通过（更加）关心员工的需求，至少企业可能发展的更好。那样，我们更多的人就会在工作中找到一定程度的满足感。而且偶尔我们可能还希望获得最大程度的满足。这种情况可能发生在篮球场上喧闹欢呼的人群前，也可能发生在教室里，在紧紧一个充满感激的学生面前。
Lesson 8 The Functions and Effects of Music?
1. The company began aggressive advertising campaigns, increased its variety of beers, and further expanded its markets. By 1991 Coors beer was available in all 50 states. It also worked to improve its image and quell ongoing boycotts. A. investigate（调查，研究） B. condemn（谴责；定罪；声讨）
C. crush（镇压；压碎） D. forbid（禁止）
译文：该公司开始了积极的广告活动，增加了啤酒的种类，并进一步扩大了市场。到1991年，柯尔斯啤酒在全美50个州都有售。它还努力改善自己的形象，平息持续不断的抵制。
2. With his strong right-wing views, and close affiliation to the military, he'd long been regarded as a sworn enemy of the people.
A. emotion（感情，情绪） B. association（协会，联盟）
C. communication（交流） D. reaction（反应）
译文：他有着强烈的右翼观点，与军方关系密切，长期以来一直被视为人民的死敌。
3. Adams supported what became known as the Boston tea party, and thereafter he firmly supported the patriotic measures that led step by step to American independence.
A. passionate（热情的） B. moderate（稳健的；温和的）
C. radical（激进的） D. nationalistic（国家主义的）
译文：亚当斯支持后来被称为波士顿茶党(Boston tea party)的组织，此后他坚定地支持爱国主义措施，这些措施一步一步地导致美国独立。
4. The best hope is that we will have a rapid mobilization of international opinion in support of the movement.
A. calling up（征召） B. bringing up（抚养）
C. catching up（赶上） D. getting up（起床）
译文：最大的希望是，我们将迅速动员国际舆论支持这一运动。
5. When he was there, he often gave food and coins to the destitute children who lived on the street.
A. deserted（荒漠的） B. poor（贫困的） C. homeless（无家可归的） D. despaired（绝望的）
译文：当他在那里的时候，他经常给住在街上的贫困儿童食物和硬币。
6. Comnbining social commentary with rhythmic lyrics, heavy bass beats, and remixed or
original melodies, rap is one of the most controversial of black musical forms.
A. words（词） B. music（音乐）
C. band（乐队） D. dance（舞蹈）
译文：说唱乐是黑人音乐形式中最具争议的一种，它将有节奏的歌词、沉重的低音节拍、混音或原创旋律与社会评论结合在一起。
7. The history of newspapers, magazines, and other publications in the country has varied, depending upon the level of censorship in the ruling government.
A. support（支持） B. sponsor（赞助者）
C. control（控制） D. restoration（恢复；归还；复位）
译文：这个国家的报纸、杂志和其他出版物的历史各不相同，这取决于执政政府的审查水平。
8. The cause of the incidence has been kept off the air in the radio by the administration.
A. secret（秘密） B. not broadcasted（不播放）
C. publicized（宣传） D. not known（不为所知）
译文：事故发生的原因已被当局从收音机中排除。
9. He took out a court injunction against the newspaper demanding the return of the document.
A. sentence（句子） B. bias（偏见）
C. suspension（暂停；停职） D. order（命令）
译文：他向法院申请禁制令，要求报社归还文件。
10. A great cheer went up from the crowd as they caught sight of their idol.
A. figure（人物；数字；图形；价格） B. idea（主意，想法）
C. hero（英雄） D. foe（敌人；反对者）
译文：当他们看见他们的偶像时，人群中爆发出一片欢呼声。
whip up（唤起，鞭策） bring forth（产生，提出）
keep...off the air（不播放） reinforce（增强，加强）
persistent（固执的，坚持的） catch up with（赶上）
persuasive（有说服力的，劝诱的） tremendous（巨大的，极大的；精彩的；）
tactic（战术，策略） intensify（增强；强化；变激烈）
1. The congressmen accused politicians of whipping up anti-foreign sentiment in order to win right-wing votes.
译文：国会议员指责政客们煽动反外国情绪以赢得右翼选票。
2. It was a tragic love affair that bought forth only pain.
译文：这是一场悲剧性的爱情，只能换来痛苦。
3. His competence as an economist had been reinforced by his successful fight against inflation.
译文：他成功地与通货膨胀作斗争，增强了他作为经济学家的能力。
4. The cause of the incidence has been kept off the air in the radio by the administration.（原答案“mosaic”，“马赛克”，选项中并没有）
译文：事故发生的原因已被当局从收音机中剔除。
5. The improvement in standards has been persistent steady and ,but has attracted little comment from educationalists.
译文：教育标准的提高是持续稳定的，但几乎没有引起教育工作者的评论。
6. Others are using secure Internet connections to intensify relations with some of their trading partners.
译文：其他国家则利用安全的互联网连接加强与一些贸易伙伴的关系。
7. Those ideas wer persuasive and the Legislature gave us the appropriation.
译文：那些想法很有说服力，立法机关给了我们拨款。
8. There was a tremendous lack of communication between us. We sometimes misunderstood each other.
译文：我们之间极度缺乏沟通。我们有时会误解对方。
9. Children in underachieving schools finally caught up with students in other schools with extra tutoring and help.
译文：成绩在学校不佳的学生最终在额外的辅导和帮助下赶上了其他学校的学生。
10. He was always straightforward and did not understand about strategy and tactics . 译文：他总是直来直去，不懂战略战术。
1. Every war has had its songs that whipped up patriotic fervor or, in the case of the Vietnam War that encouraged protest against it.
译文：每场战争都有自己的歌曲去唤醒人们的爱国热情，或者如在越南战争中鼓励人们反战。
2. The idea is to take a song that people like or that has particular meaning or emotional
association for them and use it with new words, hoping that some of the liking, meaning, or emotional associations will transfer to the new ideas being communicated. And it often works.
译文：改词是把人们喜爱或者对他们有特殊意义或感情色彩的歌曲填上新词，希望把这种喜爱，意义或感情色彩带到正在传播的新观念中。通常这种方法很奏效。
3. As a result, a number of community and national groups have applied pressure on stations to keep these songs and performers off the air. These charges also stimulated investigations by the Federal Communications Commission, the regulatory agency charged with overseeing broadcast practices.
译文：结果，一些社团和全国性团体向电台或电视台施加压力，让他们禁播这些演员的节目，这些指控也促使负责广播业的机构联邦通讯委员会开始调查。
4． Does it mean a station should permit no language or ideas; in a song that it would not permit on the news or in a sports program? Or does it mean the station should recognize that different forms of communication or entertainment, or programs designed for different kinds of audiences, should have different standards concerning language and ideas?
译文：这是否意味着广播电台或者电视台播放的歌曲中不允许出现那些在新闻或体育节目中禁止出现的语言或观念？或者这是否意味着电台或者电视台应该承认不同的交流或娱乐形式，或是为不同听众涉及的节目，在语言和观念上应该有不同的标准。
4. One author has suggested that popular music also serves a “rite of passage\" function for young girls. The teenage singing idols may serve as non-threatening substitutes for actual boys
until boys' maturation catches up with that of girls and some semblance of easy boy-girl relationships can be established.
译文：一些作者指出，流行歌曲也成了女孩子们成熟的标致。在同龄男孩子在成长为像女孩子那样成熟并能容易地与女孩子建立朋友关系之前，少年歌星可能会成为不会对女孩在形成威胁的男友的替身。
Lesson 12 Laws of Lasting Love
1. The whole nation grieved for the death of the their president John Kennedy.
A. was distressed（悲痛） B. was distributed（分散，分布）
C. was defeated（击败，战胜） D. was diminished（使减少，减小）
译文：全国哀悼他们的总统约翰·肯尼迪的逝世。
2. The central government collided with city parliament over its industrial plans.
A. countered（） B. conflicted（冲突，矛盾）
C. corresponded（符合，一致） D. contested（争辩，质疑）
译文：中央政府在工业计划上与市议会发生冲突。
3. A subtle influence emanates from the teacher upon his students.
A. originates（发源，发生） B. suffers（经历，遭受）
C. vanishes（小时） D. transmits（传输，发射）
译文：老师对学生有一种潜移默化的影响。
4. At the press conference, the crazy teenagers fully displayed their infatuation for their favorite movie stars.
A. delusion（迷惑；欺骗；错觉） B. passion（激情，热情；酷爱）
C. miracle（奇迹；惊人的事） D. inflation（膨胀；夸张；自命不凡）
译文：在新闻发布会上，这些疯狂的青少年充分展示了他们对喜爱的电影明星的迷恋。
5. Temples, mosques, churches and synagogues are all sacred buildings. A. spiritual（精神的；心灵的） B. earthly（尘世的；地球的）
C. holy（神圣的） D. secular（世俗的）
译文：寺庙、清真寺、教堂和犹太教堂都是神圣的建筑。
6. The dinner table was gorgeous with silver, rare china, and flowers. A. beautiful（漂亮的） B. luxurious（奢侈的；丰富的；放纵的）
C. lavish（浪费的；丰富的；大方的） D. abundant（丰富的；充裕的）
译文：餐桌上摆满了银器、稀有瓷器和鲜花。
7. Mr. Nathan lamented the fact that for 40 years Israel had been saying it had no one to talk to and now that the other side was prepared to talk, Israel refused.
A. recognized（认出；识别） B. complained（抱怨）
C. stated（声明，陈述） D. revealed（显露）
译文：内森先生对以色列40年来一直说它没有人可以交谈感到遗憾，而现在对方准备会谈，以色列却拒绝了。（本题答案不确定）
8. Western efforts to keep criminal money out of the banking system are based on the premise that banks can identify their customers, even when they act through nominees. A. constitution（宪法） B. insurance（保险）
C. prediction（预报/言） D. presupposition（以…为先决条件）
译文：西方将犯罪资金挡在银行体系之外的努力，建立在银行能够识别客户的前提之上，即便是通过被提名者采取行动。（翻译有误，大概理解意思就行）
9. The committee undertook a comprehensive diagnosis of the city's problem.
A. embrace（拥护） B. survey（调查；测量；审视）
C. investigation（调查；调查研究） D. analysis（分析；分解；验定）
译文：委员会对这个城市的问题进行了全面的诊断。
10. The frequent hurtful, infantile arguments between couples will inevitably lead to disaster.
A. innocent（无辜的；无知的） B. mutual（共同的，相互的）
C. simplistic（过分单纯/简化的） D. childish（幼稚的，孩子气的） 译文：夫妻之间经常发生的伤害性的、幼稚的争吵将不可避免地导致灾难。
rest on（停留；基于） gaze at（盯住，凝视）
break free（打破；决裂） spring from（起源于，发源于）
verdict（定论，裁决） perspective（观点）
marital（婚姻的，夫妇间的） permanent（永久的）
fulfilling（令人满意的；能实现个人报复） ego（自我）
1. I used to gaze at it and wish that I could have a dog just like the one in the picture.
译文：我常常盯着它，希望我能有一只像照片中的狗一样的狗。
2. if you manage to break free from your attacker, run to the nearest source of help. Whether it's a house with lights on, an open garage, pub or shop, or a police or fire station—any
place where you can find people, a telephone, weapons or cover.
译文：如果你设法摆脱了攻击者，跑到最近的帮助源。无论是开着灯的房子、敞开的车库、酒吧或商店、警察或消防站——任何你能找到人、电话、武器或掩护的地方。
3. The boys' attention did not spring from concern for Alec but concern for themselves if Alec was cut and needed to see the nurse.
译文：孩子们的注意力不是来自对亚历克的关心，而是来自对亚历克是否被割伤需要去看护士的关心。
4. His lawyers will almost certainly appeal against the verdict .
译文：他的律师几乎肯定会对判决提出上诉。
5. Perhaps we are now in a position to give, from a parental perspective , an alternative interpretation of what exactly it means to \"come to terms with” a child's disability.
译文：也许我们现在能够从父母的角度，对“接受”儿童残疾究竟意味着什么给出另一种解释。
6. Not only had the children suffered the loss of a parent but the family was further fragmented by the absence of one or more children as a direct or indirect result
of marital the breakdown.
译文：不仅子女失去了父母，而且由于婚姻破裂的直接或间接后果，没有一个或多个子女，使家庭更加支离破碎。（翻译有问题）
7. China's foreign policy rests on the principle of equality and mutual benefit.
译文：中国的外交政策是基于平等互利的原则。
8. This high quality wax gives cars permanent protection against acid rain.
译文：这种高质量的蜡能给汽车永久的防酸雨保护。
9. We know there are senses that feel good, that status and ego are important, and
that money is not a substitute for health, happiness, companionship, or emotional security.
译文：我们知道有些感觉让人感觉良好，地位和自我很重要，金钱不能代替健康、幸福、友谊或情感安全。
10. The past 10 years have been the happiest and most fullfilling of his life.
译文：过去的十年是他一生中最快乐、最充实的十年。
1. A fulfilling marriage begins when two people make time together their No.1 propriety. If we hope to find love. we must first find time for loving，.
译文：美满的婚姻始于两个人都将抽时间多聚在一起当为各自的第一要素，如果我们希望找到爱，首先我们必须找时间去爱。
2. Unfortunately, current psychology rests on the model of the independent ego. To make a
lasting marriage we have to overcome self-centeredness. We must go beyond what psychologist Abraham Maslow called“self-actualization\" to \"us-actualization\". We have to learn to put time where love is.
译文：令人遗憾的是，目前心理学家都注重独立的自我模式。要使婚姻持久，我们就必须克服以我为中心。我们必须超越亚伯拉罕.马斯洛声称的“自我实现”到“共同实现”，我们要学会把时间给爱。
3. How we see our partners often depends more on how we are than how they are. Husbands and wives are not audience, but participant observers in each other's live.
译文：伴侣在我们眼中的形象与其说取决与他/她们如何做，不如说取决于我们如何看。丈夫和妻子不是观众，而是相互生活中的参与者和观察者。
4. This argument illustrates how some people spend their marriages struggling to change a spouse's mind. People in lasting-love marriages begin with the premise that there are many realities. They learn to accept different points of view.
译文：这一争吵表明一些人如何把婚姻耗费在努力改变对方的想法上面。在爱情持久的婚姻中，人们要以此为前提，即人们的观点各不相同。他们学会了接受不同的观点。
5. As one husband told me, “The old saying was look out for No.1. But we've learned to look out for/No2)If you fight for yourself, only you can win. When you fight for your marriage, you both win.”
译文：正如一位丈夫告诉我的：“俗话说要争先做主，但现在我们学会了退让一步当第二。如果你为
自己争取，赢的仅仅是你自己。当你为自己的婚姻而争，你们就会双赢。”
6. There is a powerful healing energy that emanates from loving. Lasting love can learn to sense it, send it and make it grow. We are energized by love if we put our energy into loving.
译文：爱能释放出强大的治愈能量。持久的爱知道去感悟，去给予，使这份爱成长壮大。如果我们把精力投入爱，我们就能从爱中汲取力量。
7. Marriage is designed primarily for giving rather than taking. It is meant to be a permanent union of two unselfish people.
译文：婚姻的本质是给予而不是索取。它应该是两个无私个体的永久结合。
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