阅读理解-细节理解四
1、 A new commodity brings about a highly profitable,fast-growing industry,urging antitrust(反垄断)regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago ,the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns ares being raised by the giants(巨头)that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google,Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.
Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime,The giants' success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery, Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.
But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.
This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful.
Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is
required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.
The first is that antitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age into the
21st century. When considering a merger(兼并),for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms' data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-borm threat. When this takes place,especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.
The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them.Companies could be forced to consumers what information they hold and how many money they make form it.Govemments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users' consent.
Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy But if govemments don't wants a data oconomy by a few giants, they must act soon.
1.Why is there a call to break up giants?
A.They have controlled the data market
B.They collect enormous private data
C.They no longer provide free services
D.They dismissed some new-born giants
2.What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?
A.Data giants’ technology is very expensive
B.Google’s idea is popular among data firms
C.Data can strengthen giants’ controlling position
D.Data can be turned into new services or products
3.By paying attention to firms’ data assets, antitrust regulators could . A.kill a new threat
B.avoid the size trap
C.favour bigger firms
D.charge higher prices
4.What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data?
A.Big companies could relieve data security pressure.
B.Governments could relieve their financial pressure.
C.Consumers could better protect their privacy.
D.Small companies could get more opportunities.
2 、 El Nino, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.
The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Niño in 1997 helped American’s economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones.
But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱)in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Niño may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.
The most recent powerful Niño, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Niños come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that
governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.
Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施)can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道)make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Niño's harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Niño, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.
1.What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?
A.It is named after a South American fisherman.
B.It takes place almost every year all over the world.
C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.
D.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.
2.What may El Niños bring about to the countries affected?
A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.
B.Droughts become more harmful than floods.
C.Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses.
D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.
3.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that_________.
A.more investment should go to risk reduction
B.governments of poor countries need more aid
C.victims of El Niño deserve more compensation
D.recovery and reconstruction should come first
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A.To introduce El Niño and its origin.
B.To explain the consequences of El Niño.
C.To show ways of fighting against El Niño.
D.To urge people to prepare for El Niño.
3、 While WeChat is China's biggest mobile messaging app (应用软件),there are many equivalent(相当的) apps in other countries that offer similar features(特征).
WhatsApp (US)
Users: more than 300 million
Platforms: Android, 10S, Windows Phone, BlackBerry
Features:Text chat, push-to-talk, file sharing, location sharing
With more than 300 million active users, WhatsApp is one of WeChat's biggest competitors. Developed by two ex-Yahoo! employees in 2009, WhatsApp originally focused on text chat, but onAug6 it also started push - to - talk service. It's noted for its accessibility, ease of use and the absence of advertisements. The service is free for the first year, after which $0.99 (6.06 yuan) is charged for one-year subscription.
Kakao Talk (South Korea)
Users: more than 100 million
Platforms: Android, iOS, Windows Phone, BlackBerry and Bada (an operateing system developed by Samsung)
Features: Text chat, group chat, push - to - talk, group calls, file sharing
With more than 100 million users in more than 230 countries, Kakao Talk is a multi - platform ( 多平台 ) texting application that allows users to send and receive messages for free. With Kakao Talk, users can message each other one-on one or in group chats with unlimited numbers of friends. You can also choose from more than 250 animated emoticons (表情符号) and share them with friends.
Line (Japan)
Users: more than 200 million
Platforms: Android, iOS, Windows Phone, BlackBerry and PC
Features:Text chat, group chat, push - to - talk, file sharing, location sharing, gaming, stickers.
Line tops the list of the most downloaded free apps in 52 countries. Apart from text and voice messaging, Line provides its users with more than 250 original stickers and emoticons to buy from its own shop. In the first quarter of 2013 alone. it made $ ,7 million just from stickers. The popular app also allows friends to battle each other in the LINE Game.
1.The first paragraph of the passage is used to _______.
A.introduce the most popular mobile messaging apps in China
B.talk about new features in the latest mobile messaging apps
C.draw readers' attention to various popular mobile messaging apps
D.explain how mobile messaging apps have become so popular
2.Compared with the other two apps, which of the following features makes Line stand out?
A.Group mobile games.
B.Free stickers and emoticons.
C.Free download of the app.
D.Text and group chat.
3.One of the popular features of WhatsApp is that users_______.
A.can send and receive messages for free
B.can enjoy live video chats within groups
C.don't need to worry about unwanted ads
D.regularly set free stickers and emoticons
4、 During the past Spring Festival, many children may have received red packets from their families. But Xing Pu, a 40-year-old economist, is asking the government to give red packets to every Chinese citizen.
Xing suggested the government give out 1,000 yuan to each Chinese since the government income has increased rapidly in recent years. He said his suggestion would allow everyone to directly enjoy the fruits of the country’s economic success, help the lower-income groups deal with rising prices and increase consumption(消费)around the country.
Recent years have seen the government carry out a series of pro-poor(扶贫)and pro-rural(惠农)policies(政策),including increasing spending on public health-care and cutting down the agricultural tax. But the lower-income group still needs more help.
Xing said he has borrowed many ideas from practices in countries like theUnited StatesandSingapore. Earlier this year, the governments of the two nations offered cash handouts(救济)to their citizens. As for inChina, “We can even encourage the rich to donate their 1,000 yuan red packet to the poor,” said Xing.
Although Xing’s suggestion has gained wide support among ordinary Chinese on the Internet, many other economists criticized it as unpractical. “To better use the increase of money, handing out money is not a solution that holds good for all time. It could be better to improve the public service or cut the price of energy use in daily life,” said Qiao Xinsheng, an economic professor.
1.Xing Pu suggested that the government give out 1,000 yuan to each Chinese because ________.
A.the poor should get help from the rich
B.the government should help the rich
C.the growing economic pie should be shared among the people
D.the government doesn’t know how to use the money
2.What has the government done to help the lower-income group?
A.Spending less on public health care.
B.Increasing the agricultural tax.
C.Handing out money to every Chinese.
D.Carrying out pro-poor and pro-rural policies.
3.Xing Pu’s ideas of giving red packets to every Chinese citizen mainly came from ________.
A.children receiving red packets from their families
B.the US andSingaporegovernments offering cash handouts to their citizens
C.the government’s increasing spending on public health care
D.the rising prices in the country
4.According to Qiao Xinsheng, what is better than giving out money?
A.Supplying food to everyone every day.
B.Cutting the price of energy use in daily life.
C.Controlling the rising of prices.
D.Increasing the government income.
5、 Rock music in one form or another is the most popular type of music all over the world. But where did it come from?
Rock began in the USA in the early 1950s. At that time, “rhythm and blue” music was very popular with black Americans. “R&B” was a mixture of black religious music and jazz. It had strong rhythms that you could dance to and simple, fast words.
Noticing the success of R&B music, white musicians started to copy the same style. By the mid-1950s, this new white R&B music, called rock ’n’ roll, had become very popular. Singers like Elvis Presley and Bill Haley attracted millions of teenage fans. Their music was fast and loud. Many older people thought that rock ’n’ roll was very dangerous.
By the early 1960s, even rock ’n’ roll had become old-fashioned. Many of the songs had begun to sound the same. It was at that time that a new group from England became popular — the Beatles.
The Beatles first started by singing American style songs, but they soon
developed their own style, with more complicated tunes. They also introduced different instruments. Groups like the Beatles had a very important influence on the style of popular music.
By the early 1970s, rock ’n’ roll had developed into a new form of music. Electronics had replaced the amplified guitars and drums of rock ’n’ roll. “Rock” had arrived.
Rock music had continued to change and develop. It had combined with music from different parts of the world. Today, there are hundreds of different types of rock music, and almost every country has its own form of rock.
1.When had rock ’n’ roll become very popular?
A.By the mid-1950s.
B.By the early 1960s.
C.By the mid-1960s.
D.By the early 1970s.
2.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Beatles?
A.It was not an American group.
B.This group had their own style.
C.This group made American style songs popular.
D.The style of popular music had been influenced by this group.
3.It can be inferred from the passage that Elvis Presley and Bill Haley________.
A.were singers of “R&B”
B.were singers in the mid-1950s
C.were members of the Beatles
D.were popular with old people
4.What's the best title of the passage?
A.Popular Music
B.The History of Rock Music
C.Different Forms of Music in America
D.The Beatles
6、 I was reading these interesting stories behind a group of great logos in the world. Personally Nike is my favorite one—it’s so simple. And I liked the stories behind them, which made me forget all other things. McDonald’s, Apple, Mercedes Benz and Adidas own great logos as well, and they are among my favorites.
Nike
In the Greek myth, Nike is the goddess of victory and the source of inspiration for soldiers. This logo represents the wing in the famous statue of the Greek goddess. Nike’s logo was designed by Carolyn Davidson in 1971 for $ 35, and was registered as a trademark in 1995.
McDonald’s
The logo was designed in 1962 by Jim Schindler to resemble the arch shaped (拱形的) signs on the side of the company’s then walk-up hamburger stand. Later on, the two golden arches were combined together to form the M. The McDonald’s name was added to the logo in 1968.
Apple
There are different stories behind Apple’s logo. The first logo was a reference to the religious story of Adam and Eve, in which the apple represented the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge. One year later, the second logo was designed in 1977 by
Steven Jobs and Ronald Wayne, and it described Sir Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree. This logo didn’t stay long. One year later it was replaced almost immediately by graphic designer Rob Janoff’s “rainbow apple”, a
rainbow-colored silhouette (轮廓) of an apple with a bite taken out of it. And then the rainbow-colored apple was replaced by the one-colored logo in 1998. It has not been changed so far.
Mercedes Benz
The Mercedes Benz logo, which was originally created by Gottlieb Daimler in 1909, consists of a simple description of a three- pointed star that represents its rule of the land, the sea and the air. The company was founded by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach. Mercedes is the name of Maybach’s elder daughter, while Benz came as a result of a combination with Benz, Cie. and DMG in 1926.
1.What does the author think of the stories of the great logos?
A.They are boring.
B.They are attractive
C.They are out of date.
D.They are practical
2.What does Nike’s logo stand for?
A.The goddess of victory
B.The source of inspiration for soldiers
C.The wing of the Greek goddess
D.The statue of the Greek goddess
3.We can learn that Apple’s present logo is______.
A.the religious story of Adam and Eve
B.Newton’s sitting under an apple tree
C.a bitten apple with only one color
D.the rainbow-colored bitten apple
4.Which of the following time orders describes the births of the great logos?
A.Nike – McDonald’s – Apple – Mercedes Benz.
B.Mercedes Benz – McDonald’s – Nike – Apple.
C.Mercedes Benz – Apple – Nike –McDonald’s.
D.Nike –Mercedes Benz –McDonald’s – Apple.
答案以及解析
1答案及解析：
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D
解析：1.推理判断题,根据第二段第一句中的“Such situation\"可知答案在第一段,第一段暗示出分化商业巨头的原因是他们控制了数据市场, 故答案为A项。
2.细节理解题.根据第三段最后两句可知答案是C项。
3.细节理解题 .根据第五段第二、三句可知选B项。
4.推理判断题.根据第六段可知,大数据规则的松动可以让小公司获得更多的机会,故选D项。
2答案及解析：
答案： 1.D; 2.C; 3.A; 4.D
解析： 1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 El Niño sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific ,flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.可知厄尔尼诺现象见证了海洋中水流方向的变化。故D正确。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句Rich countries gain more from powerful Niño ,on balance,than they lose.可知富有国家从厄尔尼诺现象中得到的好处要大于所得到的坏处。接着在第三句中列举了1997年的厄尔尼诺给美国经济带来的好处。故C项正确。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段第三句According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI),however,just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance,rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. 根据ODI的观点,为应对厄尔尼诺政府应该做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺现象的危害而不是在出现问题以后再进行重新补救和恢复。故A项正确。
4.目的意图题。本文主要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象对地球的影响,并告诉我们的政府应该做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺的危害而不是在出现问题以后再进行重新补救和恢复。再根据最后一句“Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Niño, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.”各国政府要把减少损失放在优先的位置。也就是要事先做好准备。故D项正确。
3答案及解析：
答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.C
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可推知,第一段在文章中起导入作用,以引起读者对各种移动交流应用软件的关注,故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据文章对三个不同移动交流应用软件特色的介绍可知,日本的Line有gaming和stickers这两个特别的功能,结合选项可知,故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据WhatsApp (US)部分的It's noted for its accessibility, ease of use and the absence of advertisements.可知,WhatsApp受人欢迎的特点就是没有广告。故选C。
4答案及解析：
答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.B; 4.B
解析：1.细节题。根据He said his suggestion would allow everyone to directly enjoy the fruits of the country's economic success, help the lower-income groups deal with rising prices and increase consumption(消费)around the country. 可知Xing Pu建议政府给每个中国人发1000元是因为经济增长的果实应该大家分享。
2.细节题。根据Recent years have seen the government carry out a series of
pro-poor (扶贫) and pro-rural(惠农)policies, including increasing spending on public healthcare and calling off the agricultural tax.可知政府通过执行扶贫政策来帮助低收入群体。
3.细节题。根据Xing said while making the draft, he has borrowed many ideas from practices in countries like the United States and Singapore.可知Xing Pu的给公众发红包的想法主要来源于美国和新加坡的政府给他们的民众发现金。
4.细节题。根据\"To better use the increase of money, handing out money is not a solution that holds good for all time. It could be better to improve the public service or cut the price of energy use in daily life,\" said Qiao Xinsheng, an economic professor.可知根据一些专家来看,降低每日能源消耗的价格比发钱更好。
5答案及解析：
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段“By the mid-1950s, this new white R&B music, called rock ‘n’ roll, had become very popular.”可知。
2.细节理解题。A、B、D三项所述均与文章第四、五段中的信息相符,这个乐队形成了自己的音乐风格,但并没有使美国风格的歌曲流行起来。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“By the mid-1950s, this new white R&B music,
called rock ‘n’ roll, had become very popular. Singers like Elvis Presley and Bill Haley attracted millions of teenage fans.”可知。
4.标题归纳题。纵观全文可知,文章主要讲述了摇滚乐的发展史。
6答案及解析：
答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.C; 4.B
解析：文章讲述了几种很受欢迎的品牌他们所代表的理念,在耐克,苹果,麦当劳,奔驰,阿迪达斯等这些知名品牌的设计中都有着深刻的理念融入其中。
小题1:细节理解题。I was reading these interesting stories behind a group of great logos in the world. Personally Nike is my favorite one – it’s so simple. And I liked the stories behind them, which made me forget all other things.句子的意思是:在世界上每一个伟大的理念背后都有着有趣的故事,就我个人来说,耐克是我最喜欢的,我喜欢这些品牌背后的故事,他使我忘记所有其它的事情,从本句来看这些故事是很吸引人的。故答案应为B
小题2:细节理解题。This logo represents the wing in the famous statue of the Greek goddess.耐克这个品牌符号所代表的是希腊女神雕塑的翅膀。由此句可知答案为C
小题3:细节推理题。从第四段的句子:a rainbow- colored silhouette (轮廓) of an apple with a bite taken out of it. And then the rainbow- colored apple was replaced
by the one- colored logo in 1998. It has not been changed so far.可知苹果符号的设计理念被改变了很多次,彩虹颜色的苹果被一种颜色的咬过的苹果所替代,故答案应为C
小题4:综合排序题。Nike’s logo was designed by Carolyn Davidson in 1971 for $ 35意思为:Nike的理念是在1971年由Carolyn Davidson设计出来;The logo was designed in 1962 by Jim Schindler麦当劳的理念设计于1962年;And then the rainbow-colored apple was replaced by the one-colored logo in 1998. It has not been changed so far.苹果的理念是在1998年确定下来,直到现在没有改变;Benz came as a result of a combination with Benz, Cie and DMG in 1926.1926年设计出了奔驰的符合。所以答案应为B
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